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Admin
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On Modesty Dec 16, 2018 14:31:24 GMT

Post by Admin on Dec 16, 2018 14:31:24 GMT

St. Thomas Aquinas on the Nature of Modesty

Excerpts from the Summa Theologica

Whether there can be virtue and vice in connection with outward apparel?

. . . Honesty pertains to virtue. Now a certain honesty is observed in the outward apparel; for Ambrose says (De Offic. i, 19): "The body should be bedecked naturally and without affectation, with simplicity, with neglect rather than nicety, not with costly and dazzling apparel, but with ordinary clothes, so that nothing be lacking to honesty and necessity, yet nothing be added to increase its beauty." Therefore there can be virtue and vice in the outward attire.

. . . Augustine says (De Doctr. Christ. iii, 12): "We must avoid excessive pleasure in the use of things, for it leads not only wickedly to abuse the customs of those among whom we dwell, but frequently to exceed their bounds, so that, whereas it lay hidden, while under the restraint of established morality, it displays its deformity in a most lawless outbreak."

In point of excess, this inordinate attachment occurs in three ways.

First when a man seeks glory from excessive attention to dress; in so far as dress and such like things are a kind of ornament. Hence Gregory says (Hom. xl in Ev.): "There are some who think that attention to finery and costly dress is no sin. Surely, if this were no fault, the word of God would not say so expressly that the rich man who was tortured in hell had been clothed in purple and fine linen. No one, forsooth, seeks costly apparel" (such, namely, as exceeds his estate) "save for vainglory."

Secondly, when a man seeks sensuous pleasure from excessive attention to dress, in so far as dress is directed to the body's comfort.

Thirdly, when a man is too solicitous in his attention to outward apparel.

Accordingly Andronicus reckons three virtues in connection with outward attire, namely:

"humility" which excludes the seeking of glory, wherefore he says that humility is "the habit of avoiding excessive expenditure and parade";

"contentment" which excludes the seeking of sensuous pleasure, wherefore he says that "contentedness is the habit that makes a man satisfied with what is suitable, and enables him to determine what is becoming in his manner of life" (according to the saying of the Apostle, 1 Timothy 6:8): "Having food and wherewith to be covered, with these let us be content;"

"simplicity" which excludes excessive solicitude about such things, wherefore he says that "simplicity is a habit that makes a man contented with what he has."

In the point of deficiency there may be inordinate attachment in two ways:

First, through a man's neglect to give the requisite study or trouble to the use of outward apparel. Wherefore the Philosopher says (Ethic. vii, 7) that "it is a mark of effeminacy to let one's cloak trail on the ground to avoid the trouble of lifting it up."

Secondly, by seeking glory from the very lack of attention to outward attire. Hence Augustine says (De Serm. Dom. in Monte ii, 12) that "not only the glare and pomp of outward things, but even dirt and the weeds of mourning may be a subject of ostentation, all the more dangerous as being a decoy under the guise of God's service"; and the Philosopher says (Ethic. iv, 7) that "both excess and inordinate defect are a subject of ostentation.

Although outward attire does not come from nature, it belongs to natural reason to moderate it; so that we are naturally inclined to be the recipients of the virtue that moderates outward raiment.

Those who are placed in a position of dignity, or again the ministers of the altar, are attired in more costly apparel than others, not for the sake of their own glory, but to indicate the excellence of their office or of the Divine worship: wherefore this is not sinful in them.

Hence Augustine says (De Doctr. Christ. iii, 12): "Whoever uses outward things in such a way as to exceed the bounds observed by the good people among whom he dwells, either signifies something by so doing, or is guilty of sin, inasmuch as he uses these things for sensual pleasure or ostentation."

Whether there is virtue regarding outward movements of the body?

It would seem that no virtue regards the outward movements of the body. For every virtue pertains to the spiritual beauty of the soul, according to Psalm 44:14, "All the glory of the king's daughter is within," and a gloss adds, "namely, in the conscience." Now the movements of the body are not within, but without. Therefore there can be no virtue about them. . . Further, study should be applied to all works of virtue,. . . Now it is censurable to apply study to the ordering of one's outward movements: for Ambrose says "A becoming gait is one that reflects the carriage of authority, has the tread of gravity, and the foot-print of tranquillity: yet so that there be neither study nor affectation, but natural and artless movement." Therefore seemingly there is no virtue about the style of outward movements. . .

I answer that moral virtue consists in the things pertaining to man being directed by his reason.

Now it is manifest that the outward movements of man are directable by reason, since the outward members are set in motion at the command of reason.

Hence it is evident that there is a moral virtue concerned with the direction of these movements. . . .

The beauty of honesty pertains to virtue.

Now the style of outward movements pertains to the beauty of honesty. For Ambrose says:

"The sound of the voice and the gesture of the body are distasteful to me, whether they be unduly soft and nerveless, or coarse and boorish. Let nature be our model; her reflection is gracefulness of conduct and beauty of honesty."

Therefore there is a virtue about the style of outward movement.

. . . Moral virtue consists in the things pertaining to man being directed by his reason. Now it is manifest that the outward movements of man are directable by reason, since the outward members are set in motion at the command of reason.

Hence it is evident that there is a moral virtue concerned with the direction of these movements.

It is censurable to study the style of one's outward movements, by having recourse to pretense in them, so that they do not agree with one's inward disposition. Nevertheless it behooves one to study them, so that if they be in any way inordinate, this may be corrected. Hence Ambrose says "Let them be without artifice, but not without correction."

Now the direction of these movements may be considered from a twofold standpoint.

First, in respect of fittingness to the person;

Secondly, in respect of fittingness to externals, whether persons, business, or place.

Hence Ambrose says:

"Beauty of conduct consists in becoming behavior towards others, according to their gender and person," and this regards the first.

As to the second, he adds: "This is the best way to order our behavior, this is the polish becoming to every action."

Hence Andronicus ascribes two things to these outward movements: namely "taste" which regards what is becoming to the person, wherefore he says that it is the knowledge of what is becoming in movement and behavior; and "methodicalness" which regards what is becoming to the business in hand, and to one's surroundings, wherefore he calls it "the practical knowledge of separation," i.e. of the distinction of "acts."

Source

[Emphasis - The Catacombs]

"So let us be confident, let us not be unprepared, let us not be outflanked, let us be wise, vigilant, fighting against those who are trying to tear the faith out of our souls and morality out of our hearts, so that we may remain Catholics, remain united to the Blessed Virgin Mary, remain united to the Roman Catholic Church, remain faithful children of the Church."- Archbp. Lefebvre 1980

Hildegard
Senior Member

Posts: 825

On Modesty Feb 16, 2019 1:55:50 GMT

Post by Hildegard on Feb 16, 2019 1:55:50 GMT

Angelus December, 1999

On Modesty

Rev. Fr. Peter R. Scott

Q. There is a Catholic standard of modesty in dress for women. Is there also a standard of dress for men?

A. Absolutely there is, for exactly the same principles apply for men as for women.

Modesty is a moral virtue, and a part of the virtue of temperance, by which a person brings moderation to his outward inward actions (inasmuch as they can be reflected by certain exterior signs), in order to keep them under the control of right reason (Summa Theologica, II-II, q. 160, a. 2). St. Thomas Aquinas lists four kinds of modesty in ordinary matters, that are obligatory for everybody:

One is the movement of the mind towards some excellence, and this is moderated by humility.

The second is the desire of things pertaining to knowledge, and this is moderated by studiousness which is opposed to curiosity.

The third regards bodily movements and actions (including words), which require to be done becomingly and honestly, whether we act seriously or in play.

The fourth regards outward show, for instance in dress and the like. (Ibid.)

If all four aspects of modesty are equally important, there remains no doubt that the last two, which have no special name, are most commonly understood by the term modesty. Moreover, it is most especially the last that is referred to by modesty, on account of the disorder of fallen human nature, which is most easily overcome by a disordered attraction to the last kind of immodesty.

Clearly men have an equal duty as women to avoid provocative words or actions and to avoid any kind of dress that might show off their person or their body, leading to vanity. Like women, they are hence forbidden to display their bodies in public in an unseemly manner, or in a way that might produce a disordered attraction in the opposite sex. Men should always wear a shirt for gymnastics, and shorts should not be worn in public, but only be used for athletics, and should not be too brief or too tight. Likewise, men should dress modestly for Sunday Mass, with shirt, tie, jacket, trousers, all of which symbolize a man's sense of responsibility, leading his family by the orderly self-¬discipline of modest dress, and doing his duty in the true worship of God.

However, there are two important differences in the application of these principles to men, as compared to women, and which are the reason why the Church's documents on the subject refer to modesty in women. The first is that the nature of a woman makes her much more prone to the temptation of vanity, to show off her body, and the nature of a man makes him much more tempted by seeing this. Consequently, the gravest and most dangerous offenses against modesty, understood in its fourth and most restricted meaning, namely as against purity, are by women.

It is for this reason that the Church has been so much more adamant about women's dress, as in the following quote from a decree of the Sacred Congregation of the Council of January 18, 1930:

His Holiness, Pius XI, has never ceased to inculcate in word and writing that precept of St. Paul (I Tim 2:5, 10): "Women also in decent apparel; adorning themselves with modesty and sobriety...as it becometh women professing godliness with good works."

And on many occasions the same Supreme Pontiff has reproved and sharply condemned the immodesty in dress which today is everywhere in vogue; even among women and girls who are Catholics; a practice which does grave injury to the crowning virtue and glory of women, and moreover unfortunately leads not merely to their temporal disadvantage, but, what is worse, to their eternal ruin and that of other souls.

It is no wonder, then, that Bishops and other Ordinaries of places, as becomes ministers of Christ, have in their respective diocese unanimously resisted in every way this licentious and shameless fashion and in doing so have cheerfully and courageously borne the derision and ridicule sometimes directed at them by the ill-disposed....

There is a second reason why modesty of dress is especially applicable to women over men. It is that there is a special form of immodesty that is characteristic of our modern times, and it is the immodesty of women wearing men's clothes, most notably pants and shorts. This undermines a woman's psychological perception of herself, and of her difference from a man, which in turn de-feminizes her, erodes natural respect between men and women, removes the defense to over--familiarity, and eventually degrades the relationships between men and women to the level of sensuality. It is this form of immodesty which is ultimately by far the most destructive of human relationships and of the virtue of purity.

If, therefore, there is certainly a standard of modesty for men, it must always be remembered that the battle for women's modesty is both much more crucial and much more difficult to win.

Real men will, however, teach and lead by their example. If they have a difficult time insisting on the modesty of their wife or daughters, they will remember to practice very precisely all the four kinds of modesty mentioned above, and their admonitions will bear fruit.

Hildegard
Senior Member

Posts: 825

On Modesty Feb 18, 2019 15:33:48 GMT

Post by Hildegard on Feb 18, 2019 15:33:48 GMT

THE REQUIREMENTS FOR MODESTY IN DRESS
LOOK TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY AS A PERFECT EXAMPLE

In order to benefit from reading this article it is highly recommended that you say the following prayer from Sacred Scripture: "Speak Lord, your servant listens." (Kings 3:9) It is also necessary to reflect on the virtue of humility which is the indispensable foundation of all Christian life.

This truth God wished especially to impress upon us by His Incarnation, when "He humbled Himself, becoming obedient unto death, even to death on a cross." (Phil. 2:8) We are also taught in the Holy Bible that: "God resists the proud but gives grace to the humble." (James 4:6) It is realized that this appeal will only affect a few because Our Lord tells us by another passage that the road to hell is broad and many are those who go in thereat. How narrow is the gate and straight is the way that leadeth to life, and few there are who find it! (Matt. 7:13-14) But if this article eliminates only one mortal sin, it will be worth the effort.

In regard to modesty in dress and deportment, let us first consider what the Holy Bible has to say on this subject: "In like manner I wish women to be decently dressed, adorning themselves with modesty and dignity, not with braided hair or gold or pearls or costly clothing, but with good works, such as become women professing Godliness." (1 Tim. 2:9-10)

Modesty should be promoted by mothers in their children from early infancy.
Many foolish mothers train their little daughters to consider scanty attire as the normal thing. Let such mothers take to heart the serious admonition of Pope Pius XII: "O Christian mothers, if you knew what a future of anxieties and perils, of ill-guarded shame you prepare for your sons and daughters, imprudently getting them accustomed to live scantily dressed and making them lose the sense of modesty, you would be ashamed of yourselves and you would dread the harm you are making for yourselves, the harm which you are causing these children, whom Heaven has entrusted to you to be brought up as Christians."

Purity is like a precious pearl; it is purchased at a great price, retained only with great care and watchfulness and easily lost or destroyed. Beware of pride and flattery, as arch-enemies of your purity. You may not be finely dressed or pretty and graceful; you may not have those attractions which are most admired by the world; but if you have the virtues of modesty and purity you have something which money cannot buy and an ornament which will outlast all the fading treasures of earth. "How beautiful then is modesty and what a gem among virtues it is." (St. Bernard, Confessor and Doctor of the Church)

Let us listen to the Holy Ghost speaking to us again in the Holy Bible: "Do not love the world, or the things that are in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him; because all that is in the world is the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life; which is not from the Father, but from the world. And the world with its lust is passing away but he who does the will of God abides forever."
(1 St. John 2:15, 17)

Our Sorrowful and Immaculate Mother, who in all her apparitions is fully covered, is presented by her divine Son to us as the perfect model of modesty and purity. She is terribly saddened by the immodest and impure conduct so prevalent in our society. Our Lord speaks to us through His Blessed Mother in condemning the modern trends of uncovering the body. In fact, Our Lady came down from heaven to warn against this disrobing trend.

Listen to what she revealed to little ten-year-old Jacinta of Fatima while she was dying in a hospital in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1920: "Certain fashions will be introduced which will offend Our Divine Lord very much. Those who serve God ought not to follow these fashions. Our Lord is always the same."

And she also revealed to Jacinta that "the sins that lead most souls to hell are the sins of the flesh."

Now let us look at pictures of Our Lady in three of her most famous apparitions

In her appearance to Blessed Juan Diego in Mexico, she left a self portrait which has been miraculously preserved for over four centuries. It is on display in the Basilica in Mexico City. The pictures of Our Blessed Mother as she appeared at Lourdes to St. Bernadette and to the three children at Fatima are from descriptions provided by the seers. These appearances occurred over a period of more than four centuries, but see how her dress is always the same.

Ladies, men, girls and boys should always wear clothing that they would not be ashamed of in the sight of God. This would certainly eliminate shorts, bathing suits and pants for females. Christ's words are very clear: "A woman shall not be clothed with man's apparel, neither shall a man use woman's apparel; for he that doeth these things is abominable before God."
(Deut.22:5) If Christ said that the sexes should not wear each other's clothes, it stands to reason there is a distinct difference in men and women's clothes. Now let us reflect again on how the Mother of our Savior has been adorned in her various appearances. Can you imagine her wearing slacks? How can we say that we have a true devotion to Our Blessed Mother and continue to follow worldly fashions and trends? Should we not follow her perfect example?

Now if you are inclined to think that what this paper suggests is not really necessary or that it is too demanding, reflect again on how few take that narrow path to heaven and how many lose their souls. It seems that very few people really think of hell and think that not too many go there.
Yet Our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, warned that "few find the narrow way to life, but many find the broad way to hell." (Mt. 7:13-14) So we cannot dispute this argument for we know His words are infallibly true. But how many are saved? St. Bonaventure, once speaking in Constantinople, asked this question and, giving his own answer, said: "Of all the thousands in this city, how many will be saved? How ought I to answer this question, or ought I answer it at all? Perhaps hardly a hundred. Would to God I could be certain of so many." When St. Bernard died, a holy anchorite who had also died at the same time appeared to the bishop of Langres and told him that
30,000 had died at the same time. He and St. Bernard went straight to heaven, 3 others went to purgatory and all the rest were damned.

Father Eusebius Nieremburg, who resided at the College of Madrid, where he died in the odor of sanctity in 1658, relates the story of a noble and exceedingly pious lady, who asked God to make known to her what displeased His Divine Majesty most in persons of her sex. The Lord vouchsafed in a miraculous manner to hear her. He opened under her eyes the eternal abyss.
There she saw a woman a prey to cruel torments and in her recognized one of her friends, a short time before deceased. This sight caused her as much astonishment as grief: the person whom she saw damned did not seem to her to have lived badly. Then that unhappy soul said to her: "It is true that I practiced religion, but I was a slave of vanity. Ruled by the passion to please, I was not afraid to adopt indecent fashions to attract attention, and I enkindled the fire of impurity in more than one heart. Ah! If Christian women knew how much immodesty in dress displeases God!" At the same moment, this unhappy soul was pierced by two fiery lances and plunged into a caldron of liquid lead.

St. John Chrysostom (347-407), the illustrious Bishop of Constantinople and one of the 32 doctors of the Church, had this to say about women who dress
immodestly: "You carry your snare everywhere and spread your net in all places. You allege that you never invited others to sin. You did not indeed by your words, but you have done so by your dress and your deportment. And much more effectively than you could by your voice. When you have made another sin in his heart, how can you be innocent? Tell me whom does this world condemn? Whom do the judges in court punish? Those who drink poison or those who prepare it and administer the fatal potion? You are more criminal than those who poison the body. You have given the death-dealing drink. You murder not the body but the soul, and it is not to enemies do you do this nor are you urged on by any imaginary necessity nor provoked by injury. But you do it out of foolish vanity and pride."

Woe to women who dress immodestly! Woe to fathers and husbands who do not correct their wives and daughters! Woe to pastors of souls if they remain silent! Woe to us, for this is one of the sins which causes most souls to go to hell, sins of the flesh. "O that they would be wise and would understand and would provide for their latter end." (Deut.32:29) "There is a way that seemeth just to a man; but the ends thereof leadeth to death."
(Prov.14:12) "Few find the narrow way to life."

The problem of salvation is a very difficult thing; for according to the maxims of the theologians, when an end demands great efforts, only a few attain it; but not to make every effort to avoid eternal damnation and to make sure of one's salvation is something inconceivable. God wants all men to be saved. He tells us so in the Holy Bible; that He enlightens every man that cometh into this world. In a hundred places in Holy Scripture, God tells us that it is truly His desire to save all men. "I live, saith the Lord God. I desire not the death of the sinner. Be converted and live."
(Ex.18-32) He provides us with all the means most proper for us to be saved.

Now let us listen to St. Anselm, Bishop, Confessor and Doctor of the Church, on this matter of salvation: "If you want to be certain of being in the number of the Elect, strive to be one of the few, not one of the many.

And if you would be quite sure of your salvation, strive to be among the fewest of the few; that is to say: do not follow the great majority of mankind, but follow those who enter upon the narrow way, who renounce the world, who give themselves to prayer, and who never relax their efforts by day or night, so that they may attain everlasting blessedness."

Let this paper be ended on a positive note. The eminent way to protect and nourish an unsullied and perfect chastity, as proven by experience time and again throughout the course of centuries, is solid and fervent devotion to the Virgin Mother of God. St. Gregory of Nicomedia encourages sinners by assurance if they have recourse to Our Blessed Mother, with a determination to amend their lives, she will save them by her intercession. To obtain favors from Our Lady, we must perform certain devotions practiced by her servants: First, to recite at least five decades of her Rosary every day.

Second, to wear the Brown Scapular of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel. Third, to have a picture or a statue of Our Lady in our home and recite her litany every day. There are other devotions by the servants of Mary, but most of all we should recommend ourselves frequently to her in prayer. "If you persevere until death in true devotion to Mary, your salvation is certain." St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori, Bishop and Doctor of the Church.

You are urged to adopt a true devotion to Mary by beginning to practice the exercises listed above. This is a small price to pay to be assured of our eternal salvation.

Taken from olrl.org/virtues/modesty.shtml

Hildegard
Senior Member

Posts: 825

On Modesty Mar 11, 2019 23:46:20 GMT

Post by Hildegard on Mar 11, 2019 23:46:20 GMT

A PAPAL DECREE CONCERNING MODESTY HIS HOLINESS POPE PIUS XI

January 12th, 1930

By virtue of his supreme apostolate, whereby the universal Church is founded, by divine institution, Our Most Holy Lordship, Pope Pius XI never
tires of reiterating the words of St. Paul, to wit: “…women also in decent apparel: adorning themselves with modesty and sobriety, … but as it
becometh women professing godliness, with good works…” (I Tim II: 9-10) Frequently, when the occasion has presented itself, the selfsame Holy
Pontiff has reproved and bitterly condemned immodesty of dress pervasively introduced into use these days amongst Catholic women and girls, a thing
which not only gravely offends feminine beauty and ornament, but leads most lamentably to the temporal and worse still the eternal ruin of these same

women and unto the ruin of others still.

It is no wonder then, that the bishops and other ordinaries, as befits the ministers of Christ, and each in his respective diocese, have opposed, by all
means and with unanimous voice, such misguided license and brazen impudence, and tolerating the while with calm fortitude, on account of this,
frequent derision and abuse, brought against them by souls of ill will. So let this sacred consilium of the clergy and of the people, pursue the
same sort of vigilance and action regarding the propagation of discipline as the holy bishops, with deserved approbation and praise and let it earnestly
exhort these same men that they implement the counsels and the undertakings begun in due season, and urge them on generously and to the best of their

ability, until this pestiferous sickness be completely rooted out from amongst the honest affairs of men.

That this aim might be brought the more easily and securely to effect, this sacred congregation, by the mandate of Our Most Holy Lord, decrees what

follows to be enacted:

1. May parish priests especially, and preachers when the occasion presents itself, and according to the words of St. Paul “…demand, reprove,
beseech and rebuke…” women to wear clothes that redolent of modesty and such other things as are the ornament and vanguard of virtue, and may they

warn parents not to permit their children to wear unseemly dress.

2. Parents, being ever mindful of the most awesome obligation which binds them of caring firstly and fore mostly for the moral and religious
education of their children, are to apply particular diligence, that their daughters be firmly grounded in Christian doctrine and that those same
daughters also zealously foster in their souls, by words and example, the love of virtues of modesty and chastity; may parents also, in imitation of the Holy
Family, busy themselves about so ordering and governing their family, that each and every individual within the family home has a cause and incentive to

love and guard modesty.

3. Let those same parents prohibit their children from public athletic events and gymnastics competitions, or at least, if their daughters must be
involved in them, that they take care to exhibit clothing which is fully in keeping with modesty and that their parents never permit them to wear

immodest clothing.

4. May the governesses of colleges and instructresses of schools strive so to imbue the souls of young women with the love of modesty that these same

young women are led efficaciously to modesty of dress.

5. May those same governesses and instructresses, with no exception even to their own mothers, forbid admission to colleges and schools, to such

women as wear unseemly clothing, and once admitted, if they fail to come to their senses, that they dismiss them.

6. Let not religious, according to the letters given by the Sacred Congregation concerning Religious on August 13, 1928, admit young women
into their colleges, schools, oratories, or gymnasia, who do not observe a Christian manner of dress, or if they have already been admitted, that they not
tolerate those who do not observe a Christian manner of dress. May they moreover take special pains in the education of their female students, so that

the love of Christian modesty and holy reserve take deep root in their hearts.

7. May pious associations of women be established and fostered, organizations which, by their counsel, example and deed, set before
themselves the goal of checking the abuse of dress, which is not consistent with the dictates of Christian modesty, as well as the goal of promoting purity

of morals and modesty of dress.

8. Into the pious associations of women, let not those women be admitted who put on immodest clothing; and once admitted, if afterwards they commit

a sin in this regard, and come not to their senses when admonished, may be expelled as well.

9. Women and girls who wear immodest clothes are to be prohibited from Holy Communion and from the office of sponsor in the sacraments of

Baptism and Confirmation, and in certain cases, they are to be prohibited even from entry into the church.

10. When feasts occur throughout the year, which supply a particular opportunity to inculcate Christian modesty, and especially feasts of the
Blessed Virgin Mary, may parish priests and priests of pious associations and heads of Catholic societies not fail, by means of a sermon for that occasion, to
recall and encourage women, to a Christian manner of dress. Every year year, on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, let
special prayers in all the cathedrals and parish churches be made, and, where possible, may timely exhortation be given to the people in the church.
11. May diocesan counsels, discussed in a declaration of the Holy Office of March 22, 1918, in a spirit of vigilance, and at least once a year, openly deal

with finding ever more suitable means and methods of effectively giving counsel on feminine modesty.

12. To which point may salutary action, effectively and safely lead. May bishops and other local ordinaries keep this sacred congregation informed,
every third year, together with a report on religious institution given of our own accord in letters in the Catholic World on June 29, 1923, even concerning
the condition of things and the state surrounding feminine manner of dress, and concerning works carried out in accordance with the rule of this
instruction.